F I N A L  R E V I E W

 

AUGUSTINE

 

Select the correct letter on the Scan-Tron sheet.

 

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

 

1. Which of the following was not a factor in the formation of Augustine's philosophy: (A) the moral disintegration of Roman society (B) the conversion of Constantine and the Edict of Milan (C) Aristotle (D) Plato (E) Manicheans.

 

2. The concept of original sin was invented by (A) Plato (B) Pelagius (C) the Manicheans (D) Augustine (E) Plotinus.

 

3. The Greek philosopher who had the biggest influence on Augustine: (A) Socrates (B) Plato (C) Aristotle.

 

4. The teaching that evil was created by evil gods and good by good gods was the teaching of (A) Plotinus (B) Plato (C) the Manicheans (D) Aristotle (E) Augustine.

 

5. Augustine’s autobiography was called (A) The City of God (B) The Confessions.

 

TRUE (A) OR FALSE (B).

 

6. According to Augustine, happiness is the only thing that everyone wants for its own sake.

 

7. According to Augustine, the principal reason for our unhappiness is that nothing in this life lasts, nothing is permanent.

 

8. According to Augustine, only love can make us truly happy.

 

9. According to Augustine, the choice we face in life is between good and evil; grace and sin.

 

10. Augustine agreed with Plato that one would never choose evil knowingly.

 

CHRISTENDOM

 

TRUE (A) OR FALSE (B).

 

 

  1. The "Apostle to the Germans" was Bede.

 

  1. Boniface is best remembered for his A History of the English Church and People.

 

  1. Charlemagne donated the Papal States to the Pope after defeating the Lombards.

 

  1. The pope's crowning Charlemagne as emperor of the Roman Empire signaled

      a church break from the East and further political entanglement with the

      governance of Europe.

 

  1. The Vikings were "sea rovers" from Scandinavia whose swift coastal raids spurred

      the growth of Feudalism in Europe.

 

  1. Bishop Cyril lead missionaries to Denmark and Sweden, and eventually all of Scandinavia became Christian.

 

  1. Ansgar and Methodius devised a Slavic alphabet and translated the gospels

      into Slavic, causing many Slavic peoples to convert.

 

  1. By the year 1000, Christians celebrated the liturgy in three official languages:

      Latin in Western Europe, Slavic in East-Central Europe, and Greek in the

      Byzantine Empire.

 

  1. For almost a hundred years after Pope John XII, popes were chosen by the French (Holy Roman) emperors.

 

  1. The monastery at Cluny broke with Feudal tradition by electing its' own abbots

      who would answer only to the pope.

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

 

  1. He defeated the Moors at the battle of Tours. [a] Charlemagne [b] Pepin

      [c] Charles Martel [d] Otto 1.

 

  1. The appointment of church officials by secular leaders is called [a] simony [b]

      the Divine Right of Kings [c] lay investiture.

 

  1. Which Slavic group did not enter the Greek or Byzantine church [a] Russians

      [b] Serbs [c] Poles [d] Bulgarians.

 

  1. Which Slavic group did not enter the Roman or Latin church  [a] Poles [b] Serbs [c] Czechs [d] Croatians [e] Moravians.
  2. Their agricultural techniques improved the quality of life in Europe during the High Middle Ages. [a] Benedictines [b] Cistercians [c] Mendicants [d] Franciscans [e] Dominicans.

 

  1. The Concordat of Worms resolved the problem of [a] feudalism [b] simony [c] indulgences [d] lay investiture [e] the Great Schism.

 

  1. After Gregory VII, the election of popes was carried out by [a] the Roman people

      [b] the Roman Nobles [c] the College of Cardinals [d] the Holy Roman Emperors.

 

  1. The original purpose of the crusades was [a] wealth [b] faith [c] to save the

      Byzantine Church [d] to save the Holy Land from the Muslims.

 

  1. The purpose of the 1st  crusade was (same as above).

 

  1. The 4th crusade was a [a] success [b] failure [c] no gainer [d] disaster.

 

TRUE [A] OR FALSE [B]?

 

  1. One reason for the "Great Schism" between the Greek and Roman churches was

      the iconoclast controversy.

 

  1. The forerunners of labor unions which helped to build the cathedrals were called

      guilds.

 

  1. The cathedral was a pictorial bible in stone and glass for the illiterate folk.

 

  1. The universities of Europe began as cathedral schools to educate future priests.

 

  1. Greek was the language of the university.

 

BONI:

 

  1. Christendom re-discovered the culture of the ancient Greeks, particularly the

      philosophy of Plato, through Muslim scholarship at the end of the crusades.

 

  1. Heresy was an attack against the state as well as the church.

 

  1. Mendicant "friars" were orders of beggar monks who kept on the move

      preaching and teaching, and living a life of  poverty.

 

  1. The Franciscans fostered excellent scholarship and consequently many of the great  

      university teachers of the Middle Ages were Franciscans.

 

  1. Thomas Aquinas' contribution to Christian theology was the Summa Philosophia.

 

AQUINAS

 

TRUE (A) OR FALSE (B).

 

1.      Aquinas’ greatest accomplishment was his Summa Theologiae.

 

2.      The Greek philosopher that had the biggest influence on Aquinas was Plato.

 

3.      Thomas referred to God as a “First Mover,” a “First Efficient Cause.”

 

4.      Both Augustine and Aquinas felt that the body was the prison of the soul.

 

5.      Aquinas believed that we are fully human, with a human soul at the moment of conception.

 

6.      Aquinas identifies 3 kinds of souls: vegetative, mineral, and animal.

 

7.      Aquinas felt that God was the Final Cause of all things,

 

8.      In Thomistic metaphysics, God does not “exist.”

 

 

 

REFORMATION AND TRENT:

1500-1800

 

TRUE (A) OR FALSE (B).

 

  1. The "95 Theses" is still used by Lutherans today as a statement of their faith.

 

  1. Martin Luther was a Dominican monk.

 

  1. Luther stressed salvation through faith and the final authority of the Bible.

 

  1. John Tetzel was a Dominican monk who protested the sale of indulgences.

 

  1. Nationalism and the invention of the printing press hastened the Reformation.

 

  1. Duke Frederick gave Luther 3 weeks to recant at the assembly of Worms.

 

  1. Luther sought to dissolve the corrupt Catholic Church.

 

  1. Luther believed that only the sacraments of Baptism and Eucharist could be justified from Scripture.

 

  1. Melanchton started a Protestant movement in Switzerland.

 

  1. Luther's doctrine of the "priesthood of all believers" helped fuel the "Peasants Revolt."

 

  1. St. Thomas More was given the title, "Defender of the Faith."

 

  1. Henry VIII started a Protestant movement in England and supported Luther.

 

  1. The Council of Trent originally attempted to excommunicate all known Protestants.

 

  1. Trent sought to restore traditional Catholic faith and practice.

 

  1. Trent ruled that salvation resulted more from “good works" and less from "faith alone."

 

  1. Trent affirmed the "real presence" of Christ in the Eucharist.

 

  1. Luther believed in the "real presence" of Christ in the Eucharist, while Calvin did not.

 

  1. St. Francis Xavier founded the Society of Jesus.

 

  1. The Jesuits sought to spread the Catholic faith through education and cultural assimilation

      in missionary work

 

  1. St. Teresa of Avila started a reform of convent life in Italy.

 

  1. Francisco Pizarro, a Dominican priest from Santo Domingo, defended the rights of natives and eventually persuaded the King of Spain to emancipate them.

 

  1. Ignatius of Loyola, S.J. with Robert de Nobili, S.J. won converts in India through cultural assimilation.

 

  1. Matteo Ricci, S.J. won converts in China through knowledge of science and cultural assimilation.

 

  1. Bartolome de Las Casas, S.J. won converts in Vietnam.

 

BONUS:

 

  1. The only eastern Asian Christian country is Japan.

 

  1. The Japanese Shogun supported Xavier in his missionary work in Japan.

 

  1. Between 1600 -- 1850 approx. 10- 15 million Africans arrived as slaves in the Americas.

 

  1. There are more Catholics living in Africa at present than in North America.

 

 

THE MODERN CHURCH

 

TRUE (A) OR FALSE (B).

 

     1. The rationalists believed that all knowledge comes from the senses and experience.

 

     2. Empiricism is the philosophical belief that the universe is well ordered and

         reasonable, that the laws governing the universe could be clearly explained with

         the help of science.

 

     3. Deists were rationalist philosophers who believed in a distant God removed

         from the world.

 

     4. The founder of the empirical school who believed all knowledge was materially

         based (out there) was David Hume.

 

     5. The rationalist philosopher who believed all knowledge was ideas in the mind

         (in here) was Bishop Berkeley.

 

     6. John Locke attacked both materialism and idealism (no matter, never mind!),

         calling for philosophical skepticism. He even doubted the existence of

         his own mind!

 

     7. Locke conceived the mind to be a passive "tabula rasa" (blank slate) upon which

         experience writes.

 

     8. The idealist philosopher Immanuel Kant argued that "something" is out there

         (noumenon) which we can only know as "appearance" (phenomenon).

 

     9. Sir Isaac Newton believed scientific truth was at odds with religious truth.

 

   10. Jean-Jacques Rousseau challenged the notion of the divine right of kings and

         suggested society should be based on social contract, giving rise to republicanism

         in America and France.

 

   MULTIPLE CHOICE.

 

   11. The first U.S. Bishop and cousin to a signer of the Declaration of Independence

         was [A] John Ireland [B] John Carroll [C] John Berkeley [D] John Neumann.

 

   12. This individual was the first U.S. born saint, founder of the first U.S. religious

         order, and founder of the U.S. Catholic parochial school system. [A] John Carroll

         [B] John Ireland [C] Elizabeth Ann Seton [D] Pierre Tousaint.

 

   13. The political party responsible for anti-Catholic bigotry in the U.S. was the

         [A] Republicans [B] Democrats [C] "Do Nothings" [D] "Know Nothings".

 


   14. In the 20th Century, the Church took a critical stance toward unbridled capitalism,

         Marxist communism, and National Socialism -- all manifestations of the social

         theory called [A] Totalitarianism [B] Fascism [C] Social Darwinism.

 

   15. The pope who founded the Church's tradition of social justice with the encyclical

         Rerum Novarum (On the Condition of Workers) was [A] Pius XII

         [B] John-Paul I [C] Leo XIII [D] John XXIII.

 

   16. The Pope who instituted the Second Ecumenical Vatican Council was (see above).

 

   17. This Vatican Council sought to bring the Church into modern times as well as

         dialogue with other Christian Churches. [A] Council of Trent [B] Vatican I

         [C] Vatican II.

 

   18. This Vatican Council proclaimed the Immaculate Conception of Mary as well as the

         doctrine of Papal Infallibility. (See above).

 

   19. This Vatican Council expanded the responsibilities of lay people in the Church, and

         replaced Latin at the Mass with the national vernacular. (See above).

 

   20. The first 20th Century pope who made the sacraments more available to the

         people, while condemning Modernism. [A] Benedict XV [B] Pius X

         [C] John XXIII [D] Pius XI [E] John-Paul II.

 

   21. This pope condemned WWI as unjustified, and warned the Allied Powers

         not to humiliate a defeated Germany. (See above).

 

   22. This pope criticized Fascism in Italy and Germany where the state controlled

         all aspects of life, in his encyclical Quadragesimo anno. (See above).

 

   TRUE (A) OR FALSE (B).

 

   23. By being silent, most Germans, both Protestants and Catholics, cooperated in

         the suppression, if not the mass murders, of the Jews in Europe.

 

   24. Pius XII was the WWII pope who decided to stay neutral in order to save the

         European Church from Hitler and Mussolini.

 

   25. Vatican II condemned the use of weapons of mass destruction.

 

   BONI:

 

   26. Ecumenism is a term which means “openness and dialogue” with other

         Christian and non-Christian faiths.

 

   27. Three popes from recent decades -- Pius XII, John XXIII and John Paul I --

         have been personal examples of the attempt to heal divisions among Christians.